Participant Observation of City Cultures Essay Example

Member Observation of City Cultures Essay Ethnography has become an extremely well known way to deal with social exploration, nearby different sorts of subjective work. It is the investigation of a lifestyle and was presented by anthropologists who contemplated negligible or disengaged societies, for example, the investigation of Trobriand Islands by Bronislaw Malinowski. Anthropologists trusted it to be essential to get as close as conceivable to the social orders they were exploring; thus, ethnography looks to some extent like the normal manners by which individuals understand the world in regular day to day existence. A few analysts view this as it essential quality; others consider it to be a key shortcoming. Member perception is a methods for social affair data; it permits the scientist to encounter the way of life under assessment. It is an examination strategy that has been adjusted to meet the prerequisites of sociologists and is utilized much of the time to increase definite subjective outcomes. In its generally trademark, structure it includes the ethnographer taking an interest, clearly or secretively, in people groups day by day lives for an all-encompassing timeframe and gathering any information that worries subject of the examination. In plain perception, specialists pronounce their actual personality and reason though a secret member spectator is covered up or camouflaged. A few scientists contend that clear perception is the most ideal route since it keeps away from interest in indecent or illicit conduct. Moreover, the agent can uninhibitedly pose inquiries without stimulating doubt. Be that as it may, being open in an examination may influence the conduct of the members as they may turn out to be progressively reluctant. Along these lines, clandestine perception is less inclined to disturb the circumstance being seen since the scientist has all the earmarks of being another individual from the gathering, for instance, a specific analyst, William Chambliss, needed to keep up mystery when leading an investigation of a sorted out wrongdoing; if his actual character was uncovered the wrongdoing may have been forestalled. Notwithstanding, this inquiries the ethnicity of the investigation since educated assent isn't given. In either case, perception can function admirably in circumstances where there is no pre-chosen test populace and where the conduct being referred to is covered up or freak. We will compose a custom paper test on Participant Observation of City Cultures explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Participant Observation of City Cultures explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Participant Observation of City Cultures explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Ethnography expects to reveal insight into the implications and aims behind social conduct. In this examination I wish to contemplate the Piccadilly train station which is situated in the Manchester downtown area. I have picked this urban space since it is a spot which relying upon what day and time I pick, can be a bustling situation which could contain dynamic and dynamic members. I have chosen to do my investigation on a Friday evening for 60 minutes, as this would be an active time in the train station; the two understudies and utilized grown-ups might be going back home. Also, it is a protected situation where I can stay hid since I wish to complete an undercover perception. I will examine the fundamental lobby of the train station as a site for social request. For instance, how much are youth subcultures a type of protection from the financial conditions of youthful average workers individuals? Since it is an open space for social personalities to meet, consolidate or even coll ide, I wish to see whether this member perception uncovers societies of peripheral or degenerate gatherings. Consequence of perception Train stations are an ordinary angle in numerous people groups lives and since I did my investigation on a Friday evening at around seven oclock, it was an active time. The train station is a type of open help and is open and accessible to any individual who is wishing to travel; it isn't strictly or instructively bound in any capacity. Piccadilly train station is a huge station; it contains different high road stores, markets, food places and bars. In any case, I was watching the real train zone, so as far as collaboration, members spoke with those they knew. Aside from that, members associated with staff individuals when buying tickets or making enquiries. Dominatingly, I distinguished two principle classes in which my members fell into; there were an enormous number of understudies and furthermore many working grown-ups. Any kids present appeared to be joined by grown-ups. Numerous understudies were on the own yet there were additionally little gatherings of them. While sitting tight in lines or for the trains, I saw that a ton of understudies utilized their telephones; on the off chance that they were not occupied with calls, they were most likely simply perusing or text informing. It appeared as they rushed to get exhausted while the vast majority of the grown-ups were content with the pausing. I likewise saw that more females, especially the working grown-ups were conveying books and magazines, probably for their excursions; notwithstanding, I didn't perceive any guys holding any understanding material. There were social jobs obvious in the train station. I saw a progression of activities that a large portion of the members appeared to be following. I found that when members entered the station, the majority of them went to the enormous screens to see the distributed train times. This zone was additionally a gathering point for a great deal of the gatherings of understudies. Next, members would buy their tickets; the greater part of them proceeded to join long lines, few would head toward the buying machines however this was very uncommon. There were two lines, one for the individuals who were going on that day, and one for future voyages. Both were extremely long, the previous line being altogether longer than the last mentioned. At last, members either got their trains or hung tight for their appearances. A few members invested their energy holding up by going into the general stores or getting food, one gathering of understudies went to the bar, yet most of members held up in the holding up territory. The general standards of conduct in the station were regular viewpoints, for example, lining and the general obligingness procedures in discussion among members and staff individuals. Since it was occupied in the station around then, numerous individuals were surging which made members push by one another, in this way visit statements of regret were made in spite of the fact that there was an occurrence when a male member coincidentally pushed by an old female member, almost thumping her over and didn't stop to apologize. This was seen by different members also and remarks were being made on how that was discourteous. This was the primary type of aberrance I saw in this investigation. Another event where the standard of conduct was damaged was when two youthful female members cunningly drove into the line. This was seen by the female member they pushed before, however she stayed calm despite the fact that it appeared to trouble her. A last occurrence happened when a huge gathering of members both male and female, probably understudies, turned out to be somewhat noisy in the principle hall of the station; they pulled in a great deal of consideration from different members. They started to upset the open group as they were getting rowdy, inevitably security monitors advised them to quieten down or leave; they left soon after. End When assuming my job as a spectator, I was very positive about what I was doing. I was not troubling anybody and I didn't communicate with anybody whenever during the examination. Since the earth I was in was very occupied and a large portion of the members were surging around the territory, I was not seen by anybody; I had the option to mix in with nature I was in. While thinking about my outcomes, certain inquiries with respect to whether this record of conduct is viewed as legitimate, or whether another specialist would watch the movement similarly. This prompts numerous methodological issues with this perception. This procedure of examination is one that is subject to the job and position onlooker receives while watching. The individuals who utilize a member methodology could exaggerate their job and influence the gatherings conduct. There is likewise the danger of going local where they become increasingly a full individual from the gathering and less an onlooker. In this manner, legitimate understanding is a critical prerequisite to empower great observational humanism. A specific specialist, Stanley (1990) has expressed: the undertaking which drives the composition of ethnography is not the same as that which drives the doing of public activity. Ethnographic depiction is really not, and can't be, exacting description.1 Accordingly, observational examinations may not be totally liberated from biasing impacts and the legitimacy of this investigation can be addressed. Gilbert and Mulkay (1984) contend that: nobody translation of social activity can be better than another whatever technique is utilized to record or watch it since every single social activity have various implications, each made by and reliant on the intelligent setting in which it is constructed.2 Thus, this considers my investigation and its outcomes were one of a kind in their own right. Then again, a few scientists, particularly the individuals who bolster the utilization of positivist techniques may see member perception as informal since the discoveries can't be checked on the grounds that the examination can't be repeated; some may see it as an abstract exploration strategy instead of a goal one. Also, moral issues emerge since no educated assent was given, as this examination was a secretive perception. With respect to freak conduct and underestimation, there was one central gathering that defied the guidelines of the standards of conduct. This may have been on the grounds that the members were in a gathering thus felt they had the ability to appear as something else; solidarity between the members in the gathering added to their certainty and may have give

How to Write an Analysis Paper

How to Write an Analysis PaperHow to write an analysis paper is something that most students learn during their first year in college. It is usually the first thing they learn to do when a professor is talking about writing. If you can't seem to learn how to write an analysis paper, then you can always learn by watching someone else.The first thing you want to do before you try to write your analysis paper is to find a professor that will let you present it to them on their class. Make sure that they are a professor that you like or if you don't like them, find someone that you do. Many times, just giving up on one professor can change your whole opinion of a course and can make a huge difference when it comes to whether or not you can take it in the first place.Once you have decided who you will give it to, then you can start learning how to write an analysis paper. This means that you will need to read the requirements on their syllabus and figure out what needs to be included in y our piece. Just because you aren't able to write an essay about some topic, it doesn't mean that you can't write an analysis paper about the same subject.The best way to learn is to read this as a different part of the class, so it shouldn't be difficult. After you read through the requirements, you should be able to begin writing the outline of your analysis. Most professors will allow you to fill in some blanks or fill in some gaps with your research and write your own conclusion.When you do this, you should put in some reference points to keep the outline up to date, while you should also follow the guidelines in the syllabus and get your final draft written. It is a good idea to get three copies of your final draft to put together your assigned reading material. If you have to go back and revise your assignment, then you can always go back and read through the first drafts of your assignments to see what you did right and wrong.If you take this approach, you should be able to le arn how to write an analysis paper fairly quickly. The first time I tried to do this, I started with a hard copy of my syllabus and wrote out my thesis statement and any research that I needed to use for my conclusion. I would then put this aside and wait for the main professor to give me my assignment.The second time I learned how to write an analysis paper, I went over my paper with my professor and found out how to add research references. This meant that I would be able to work on my paper and hopefully it would be good enough for them to give me my assignment. I followed the guidelines that I had found and gave my paper to the professor to help him decide if I was a good candidate for the assignment.The third time I learned how to write an analysis paper, I got a tutor to help me and try my hand at it. I followed the same outline that I had made but this time I went over my outline and used some of my references to help me with my conclusion. I found that having someone that ac tually took the time to read the assignment and looked at the criteria for grading helped me with my paper.

Find the best free stock photography online

Find the best free stock photography online Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Find the best free stock photography onlineUpdated On 06/04/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/2GG9IVH CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogPictures are an important part of the marketing for any business, blog or web design project. That is because a good business can complete a project or provide a service really well, and it is more likely to attract clients. However, it is not easy to get high-quality pictures that are relevant to your subject.Sometimes you might need to pay a photographer; however, this is something that small businesses can not really afford. Here is where stock photo databases come into play. While there are many sites that require a fee for their pictures, there are also numerous websites that provide high-quality pictures that can be used for any purposes, for free. Let’s go through some of the top options for free stock photos online.UnsplashUnsplash manages to offer something unique. Its pictures are definitely special and some of the most beautiful ones available online. Each day this website adds 10 new pictures so we can expect a large library at some point in the future.Unsplash allows you to search for the pictures that you need and you can do that by using certain categories or even keywords.Stock UpStock Up manages to gather free pictures from numerous free stock websites. This means that you will be able to search through numerous databases at once. Right now it has a compilation of 30 free stock photo websites, but that number might go up in the future. Each week they get new free pictures.BurstBurst is one of the websites you should keep an eye on. While its library is not too large at the moment, it has the potential to become one of the best free stock photo databases, as it adds hundreds of new picture every week. Additionally, all the pictures there are high-quality, and there are multiple categories that you can use. The search function will also come in handy when you are looking for a certain photo.READBusiness Metrics and Freelance Programmers, How to Make the Best Use of Them?FlickrFlickr is definitely one of the most well-known pictures databases, and it is one of the largest ones as well. While some pictures there are copyrighted, there are many users that agree to offer their photos for free. This means that those pictures can be used for commercial purposes.Flickr also has a useful search tool and you can select “commercial use allowed” so you can find all the images that are free to use. Then enter the keyword you want to find relevant images for your business.Negative SpaceThis website allows you to find exactly the pictures that you need. That is because the search tool is one of the most refined ones of any free stock photo site. You are able to search by color, category and even how the objects or persons are positioned in the photo.Deat h to the Stock PhotoThis website was created specifically for small brands, and they aim to create rich digital experiences that elevated their visual aesthetic without shelling out wads of cash, or their sanity. Allie and David are the two photographers behind it, and they offer their free packs of stock images via their mailing list.

The Rise Of Andrew Jackson - 1696 Words

The Westward Movement The rise of Andrew Jackson, the first president form beyond the Appalachian Mountains, exemplified the inexorable westward march of the American people; the West, with its raw frontier, was the most typically American part of America The Republic and the people were so young —as late as 1850, half of Americans were under the age of thirty; By 1840 the â€Å"demographic center† of the American population map had crossed the Alleghenies; by the Civil War it had crossed the Ohio River Legend portraying men carving civilization out of the western woods were false as in reality, life was downright grim for most pioneer families in the West Poorly fed, ill-clad, housed in hastily erected shanties, they were perpetual victims of†¦show more content†¦Louis to the Rocky Mountain valley and waited for the trappers and Indians to arrive with beaver pelts to swap for manufactured goods from the East The trade thrived for two decades before the hats went out of style and fewer beavers Trade in buffalo robbers also flourished, leading eventually to the virtually total annihilation of the massive bison herds and still farther west, on the California coast, other traders bought up sea-otter pelts, driving otters to the point of near-extinction Aggressive, heedless exploitation of West natural bounty—â€Å"ecological imperialism† Yet Americans in this period also revered nature and admired its beauty; the spirit of nationalism fed the growing appreciation of the uniqueness of the American wilderness Searching for the United States’

The Effects Of Televised Media On Society - 1039 Words

Televised media is intrinsic in society in the United States today. One cannot go to the store or walk through the cities without seeing screens broadcasting news, anything from politics, to entertainment, to fashion, to sports. The majority of houses in America have a television set and news comes with the basic channels. People’s smartphones give news updates including sports scores. Although all this seems normal today, television and smart phones were not always a part of people’s lives. Hearing news stories through television has only emerged in the last 50-60 years, news information from a smart phone is less than a decade old, one of the oldest forms of communication of news, aside from word of mouth, is newspapers. The first†¦show more content†¦The journalists could portray sports any way they liked and with the lack of differing information, people would oftentimes believe them. The journalists’ writings about gender and race would repeatedly i nfluence people’s thinking of the subject. Newspapers were the leading way people in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century interacted with sport. Newspapers further influenced social thinking about race and gender during this time. Prior to the mid- nineteenth century, although newspapers were a common occurrence, there was a limited variety and they were expensive, the upper class could easily afford newspapers, but the working class struggled. If the working-class people read the newspaper it was often an outdated copy. The invention of the high-speed printing press changed this. Now papers could be printed far faster which led to more newspapers at cheaper prices. Newspapers were originally sixty cents each, but by the 1830s they were only one cent each, known as Penny Papers. â€Å"These advances led to a rise in the number of newspapers published, with more available at prices affordable to the working class- by 1860, about 3,000 newspapers were published in the U.S. with a circulation of roughly 1.5 million, in comparison with about 500 newspapers with a circulation of about 3,000 in 1820.† Now most people could afford up-to-date news stories. Furthermore, Christopher G. Bates, historian ofShow Mo reRelatedTo What Extent Is Media Violence Related to Aggressive and Violent Behavior?694 Words   |  3 Pagesbehavior by children and teenagers who watch those programs. As adults we think that watching TV won’t effect us since we are older, but for younger children when they see someone die or get beat up they think it is cool. 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A Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen - 876 Words

A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signed her father s name as the cosigner. It is important to Nora that this scandal does not become public as to not hurt her husband s masculine ego. Unfortunately because her husband has become promoted, and her dear friend Kristine needs a job, a man named Mr.Krogstad will be fired. Mr Krogstad knows about the scandal and threatens to release the news of the forged signature. He will only release the news if Nora can convince Mr. Helmer to let Mr. Kro gstad to keep his job. 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Information Systems and Transport Industry †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Information Systems and Transport Industry? Answer: Introduction As the Transport Industry is growing in every country, even in Australia, the need for managing it effectively and efficiently is critical. The diverse distribution of customers, growing demand, the environmental constraints and higher performance benchmarks are putting new challenges to the public transport systems. In order to provide a profitable and sustainable system, the public transport administration has to manage its resources and all the business processes efficiently (Bayat 2017). Information Technology and Systems (ITS) is of the most important enablers in managing the resources and business processes. Information has become the dominant enterprise resource of every organization, every market and every industry. A strategy to manage information is vital for the industry. Public transport systems that have good business practices but are not integrated completely will be ineffective, tending to ignore the needs of the customers and service providers, and will find it difficult to fulfill the expected roles. A non-integrated public transport will take away comfort from the passengers, provide ambiguous and unclear information to the users, will not be able to provide timetables harmonized to the needs of the customers, and unnecessarily increase the costs of travel (Dameri 2017). By establishing a good information system, the public transport system can function effectively. An integrated public transport system will benefit the users, operators, institution and the general public in many ways. Business Processes In order to establish a high quality public transport system in Australia, the key business processes involved in the execution of the transport activities must be explored (Frehe, Mehmann, Teuteberg 2017) Even before that the parameters to evaluate the quality of the transport system also must be available. The quality of transport system may be evaluated based on the following parameters i.e. Fastness of the transport Reliability of the schedules and time management Safety of the mode of transport Frequency of the availability of the transport Comfort level of the mode of transport Accessibility of the use of transport Pricing or cost of the travel Depending on the technology, resources and the political will available for a mode of transport, the above parameters can be varied. Whatever be the configuration of the quality of transport, the following key business processes need to be included in the management of public transport. Selection of technology or mode of transport for the public (political will is critical in this matter) Types of vehicles to be selected Procurement of vehicles and fleet Establishment of infrastructure for the public transport Operation of the fleet of vehicles Maintenance and servicing of the infrastructure and vehicles Maintaining a good passenger information service Managing the organizations related to public transport such as accounting, services, marketing, finance, information systems, Human resources, etc. Though separate information strategy need to be charted for each of the business processes, this report primarily focuses on the information strategy required for the passenger information services. Overview of the Passenger information systems and Business Requirements One of the criteria to evaluate a public transport system is to assess the passenger information system practiced by the public transport institution. A good passenger information service will enable a person to access the service easily and comfortably. The public transport institution that has strong information strategy will be able to provide correct, reliable and real-time information to the users before and during the journey (Margaritis, Anagnostopoulou, Tromaras Boile 2016). A typical passenger will be able to plan the journey point to point and carry it out with the help of reliable departure timings and route maps of the transport service. A good public system will have the following passenger information facility. Schedules, routes and transport network maps will be available at vital locations in the systems such as stations, within vehicle, in the website and other customer accessible touch points. The information provided will be clear coherent and useful for the passengers. An effective system to inform to the passengers about the real-time arrival and departure of an identifiable service. The public information will also display changes in schedules, detours and availability of alternate routes to the destinations. Information inside the vehicles about the journey, route characteristics, destinations, the standard stops, and the possible linkages to other transport services and modes will be displayed or announced in a language understandable to the users. The information within the vehicle also may include allied services of the public transport such as availability of parking space, retiring rooms, cloak storage, etc. A dynamic feature to the information system can be added by including a facility to calculate the most suitable route to the user in terms of route, cost and time. The information available should be easy to access at the right moment, at right location and through the right media. The customized and personalized information may be available to the customer regarding the journey and other services through mobile messaging, online communications, websites, public kiosks for information access through touch screens, QR code readers, Interactive voice responses, through mega screens in the stations, and public address systems. The public transport customer must be able to respond to the transport system by replying back to the messages and initiating payments to the services through multimodal payment facilities such as cash, transfer, credit cards, etc. Value added information such as distance to key destinations in the city, hiring other modes of transport, interesting places around each stop, providing information regarding basic amenities such as food, health care, lodging facilities, etc. shall be made available to the customer. The information should be presented in barrier free formats. One of the most important requirements of the information system should be to provide information to the challenged population and people with special needs. Appropriate systems to communicate and interact with people of special needs must also be included. The public transport authorities must be able to integrate the total information flow among the system and the users through appropriate technology and human intervention. System Requirements The Information infrastructure for a public transport system in Australia is likely to be massive. The passenger information administration function must be centralized and an integrated control must be applied to the service (Zurob, Allard, Macrio, Garcia Garcia 2016). For achieving such a system, the following components are to be included for the information systems. The specific technologies needed for the integrated system includes the following. Computer Systems Software for management decisions Software for integrated information and communication system Hardware for administrative computing Hardware for passenger computing Hardware for centralized control systems Communication Technology Telephones and other voice interactive equipments Radio technologies for wireless communications Other Technologies Bar coding and QR code readers Automated vehicle identification systems Large screen Display boards and touch screens Public address systems Global positioning systems Point of Sale systems and ticketing dispensers Payment gateways and Cash-handling equipments Common hardware includes data communications architecture, telecommunication architecture, data bases, operating system, application software, desk top computers, servers, networking cables and modems, etc. Public Buying Process in Australia and Vendor Selection for Public Transport Because the public transport is provided to the users by the support of the government, the procedure for acquiring the equipment needed for the passenger information service must be transparent and accountable to the government authorities. There are a number of policies to guide the acquisition of equipment for the project. The following principles are generally followed by the public institutions while purchasing resources for the public consumption i.e. Value for Money Buy Local Open and Effective Competition Integrity and Accountability. The policy of value for money guides the purchasing officer to demonstrate how the selected equipments are going to help the institution. It does not mean that the buying official has to purchase the lowest priced equipments. The value for resources is considered based on the outcomes the equipment can bring to the public in terms of economic, social and environmental benefits. The following are the criteria selected for determining value for money when purchasing for the public projects (Vaidya Campbell 2016). Consider life cycle cost of the equipment and not just the quoted price of the equipment Technical advantages of the informational resource or technology Ability to meet the contractual conditions Supplier capability and characteristics Risk factors associated with the purchase Other benefits to the public due to the purchase of the technology Buy Local Policy of the Australian government is to stimulate economic growth of the region. This policy is intended to maximize opportunities to the regional or local vendors so that the economic benefits trickle to all regions. The public projects take into consideration the following factors that are related to the policy of local buying. A comparison of buying from local versus buying from elsewhere. The characteristic of the local vendors Evidence of opportunity for industry development in the region Scope for creation of jobs or enhancements of the current job conditions Comparing the bids from local and other competitive vendors Assessment of net benefits to the State in terms of economic development, progress and effectiveness of the project implementation. Influence of Australias Free Trade Agreements also affects the purchase decisions while engaging in execution of public projects. The current bilateral agreements that are vital for international relations include the following. AUSFTA: Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement AClFTA: Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement KAFTA: Korea-Australia Free Trade Agreement JAEPA : Japan Australia Economic Partnership Agreement Software and Vendor Selection The software and hardware system that is required for the public transport will be assessed based on the functional and non-functional matters proposed in the system requirements. Following factors play prominent influence on the decisions of the vendor selection. multiple levels of software support and enhanced maintenance is required from the vendor Service Level Agreement (SLA) signed by the both parties shall determine the commercial relationship and both have the rights to escalate the demands, but are not mutually obliged to meet the demands. The project implementers have the choice to buy the standard package or commission a customized software system specifically for the public transport. Methods of Utilization of Technology The installation of Passenger intimation system with the help of the earlier listed technologies and equipments in the public-sector transport in Australia is expected to bring out the following outcomes. Benefits of Technology utilization for the public By providing relevant transport information to the public, the public transport can become an alternative to the use of private vehicles. Increased use of public transport can reduce the density of private vehicles on the road, diminish the chances of traffic congestions and reduce the impact on the environments (Patanakul, Kwak, Zwikael Liu 2016). Better informational services and on time schedules can help the public to save the time spent on waiting and the passengers can become productive with saved time. Benefits of Technology utilization for the Individuals Individual users will have reliable and real time information regarding the arrival and departure of transport. The individual people will be able to plan the journeys effectively and save the time due to non-travel procedures such as waiting ticketing queues, waiting for the vehicle, etc. Public transport companies and regulatory authorities will be able to gain appreciation from the public. The transport operating companies can build better brand of their service by providing real time information and increase in comfort of travel. Relevant communication will increase user satisfaction and reduce vandalism of disgruntled travelers. An effective use of informational and communication technology in public transport will affect the public and country I many ways. The tourists who visit the places in Australia will report good about the transportation services and more tourists are likely to visit the places. Evaluation of the Strategic Information Systems Various researches on public transport and passenger information systems have identified that often there is mismatch between the practice of providing information and the utility of the information. Many times, the information that is provided to the travelers is of no use to the receivers because the information is not real time oriented. Rehrl, et. al. (2007) has emphasized about the importance of integrated information system. The current system recommends using the emerging technologies also to increase the value of the information. The possibilities of mobile technology are valuable to the management of passenger information systems. The public transport system can now provide personalized and localized information the passengers. Passengers often seek variable information from the transport providers that has comprehensive and useful contents (Woodcock, Hoppe, Tavlaki, Jarzemskis, Georgiadis 2016). The users expect easily comprehensible and value added information to make travel decisions. The passenger information system must have the capability to automatically select the media depending on the user profile built through various commercial interactions in the past. For example, a passenger who uses the transport service at particular time of the day may be informed of the trip schedules organized for the time period. The strategy to provide context specific information must take into account the characteristics of the user, the media available, and the nature of the message or information. Selection of media be based on passengers usage history and feedback. As the ICT advances, the information must be value added, personalized and prescriptive. An effective passenger system not only saves time for the users, the anxiety and stress experienced by the passengers are also reduced through the reliable information broadcast. As the reliability of the information service increases, the passenger confidence also builds up. Precise information and prescriptive messages such as economical routes, mode of transport and the linkages with allied services will enable the passengers to sharpen their service to the market; this level of service can make the public transport a platform for business deployment. Ultimately, the passenger information system must increase comfort, save time and reduce anxiety for the users. Potential Security Risks and Data Breaches Public Transport network is becoming increasingly dependent on digital technology which has huge data flow that can be tracked and monitored physically as well as electronically. As the number of devices is connected to the information systems, the vulnerabilities are bound to increase. When the technology for information and communication advances the challenges of detecting the electronic fraud and controlling the disruption of system becomes difficult. Public systems that are interconnected for data transfer and data inputs are highly vulnerable. The mass transport infrastructure managers working in rail, aviation and logistics have experienced attacks by hackers that interrupted the networks physically and disrupted the business processes. The cost estimation of such data siege is huge seriously affecting the companys existence and growth. An understanding of the types of risks and the ways to mitigate is valuable in the public transport system. The common varieties of attacks are listed below. Risks from criminals Organized criminals in the digital world hack the popular websites and digital installations. Many are attacking the information networks for the thrill of, but some have monetary aims such as routing the digital monetary assets to their accounts or stealing the data such as personal information, credit card information, intellectual property, etc. and sell it to third party for a fee. Risks from Terrorists The ability to bring physical effects through digital networks has given the terrorists the power to disrupt data networks, bring damage to the technological assets, and cause even loss of lives. The economic consequences of terrorist attacks are enormous. Risks from Hacktivist Hacktivist groups are working for a cause and have sufficient technological competence to bring damage to the target organizations. Because of the public support, sometimes Hacktivists who damage data assets can escape as part of desirable activity. Risks from Malice Disgruntled individuals and employees sometimes act maliciously (towards digital servers) to revenge or vent off their anger. Sometimes the culprit works with targeted motive or randomly. Risks from State Rival nations who has dedicated and highly qualified teams engage in digital vandalism. The purpose of such attackers ranges from destroying intellectual property of the other nation to espionage of the defense secrets. Public transport institution must take preventive actions to mitigate the security risks. There is a misconception that organizations that are linked to internet only are vulnerable to data risks (Karchefsky Rao 2017). Any organization that rely on computer networks to transact business, control operations, run administration of functions, control automated devices through computer, store critical data, or process third party data are exposed to cyber threats. The solution to these risks can be mitigated with the following actions. The solution to cyber threats can be managed with the following steps. Establish best practices within the public transport organization with standard security guidelines and checks. The total organization must be involved in preventing the digital attacks. A risk governance structure must be established depending on the probable risks. A dedicated team to monitor the anomalies in the data flow and understand the emerging threats and risks must be appointed in the organization. Establish an incident-response procedure with tested steps to contain the damages and impact of the cyber-attacks. Conclusion This brief report provides very fundamental information related to the implementation of strategic information services in the field of Passenger information systems of public transport in Australia. A birds eye view of the business processes, business requirements, system requirements, technology acquisition process, evaluation of the systems and risks associated with the system are provided. Availability of the network technologies and software capabilities can help the public transport system improve the passenger information system in an integrated manner i.e. provide all the passengers with real time information and suggestions. The benefits of a good passenger information system are available not only for the customers; it affects positively the public, the operators and the State. Depending on the scale of operations, the public transport may use standard software or customized system to manage the passenger communications. There are mechanisms and measures that have also been developed to deal with these risks and attacks. These mechanisms shall be incorporated and it shall be made sure that the information is always kept protected. References Bayat, A., 2017. Survey of Strategic Design for Public Transportation. InAdvances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education(pp. 851-862). Springer International Publishing. Dameri, R.P., 2017. Using ICT in Smart City. InSmart City Implementation(pp. 45-65). Springer International Publishing. Frehe, V., Mehmann, J. and Teuteberg, F., 2017. Understanding and assessing crowd logistics business models-using everyday people for last mile delivery.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,32(1). Karchefsky, S. and Rao, H.R., 2017. Toward a Safer Tomorrow: Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure. InThe Palgrave Handbook of Managing Continuous Business Transformation(pp. 335-352). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Margaritis, D., Anagnostopoulou, A., Tromaras, A. and Boile, M., 2016. Research in Transportation Business Management. Patanakul, P., Kwak, Y.H., Zwikael, O. and Liu, M., 2016. What impacts the performance of large-scale government projects?International Journal of Project Management,34(3), pp.452-466. Vaidya, K. and Campbell, J., 2016. Multidisciplinary approach to defining public e-procurement and evaluating its impact on procurement efficiency.Information Systems Frontiers,18(2), pp.333-348. Woodcock, A., Hoppe, M., Tavlaki, E., Jarzemskis, A. and Georgiadis, G., 2016. 13 Strategies for integrating and optimizing transport systems.Designing Mobility and Transport Services: Developing traveler experience tools. Zurob, C., Allard, J.M., Macrio, R., Garcia, B. and Garcia, C., 2016. Passenger information systems.Restructuring Public Transport Through Bus Rapid Transit: An International and Interdisciplinary Perspective,247.

4th Grade Math Lesson on Factor Trees

4th Grade Math Lesson on Factor Trees Students create a factor tree with numbers between 1 and 100. Grade Level Fourth Grade Duration   One class period, 45 minutes in length Materials blackboard or whiteboardpaper for students to write onIf you prefer a more artistic touch, copies with four evergreen tree shapes per page Key Vocabulary   factor, multiple, prime number, multiply, divide. Objectives In this lesson, students will create factor trees. Standards Met 4.OA.4: Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1-100. Recognize that a whole number is a multiple of each of its factors. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1-100 is a multiple of a given one-digit number. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1-100 is prime or composite. Lesson Introduction   Decide ahead of time whether or not you wish to do this as part of a holiday assignment. If you prefer not to connect this to winter and/or the holiday season, skip Step #3 and references to the holiday season. Step-by Step Procedure Discuss learning target- to identify all of the factors of 24 and other numbers between 1 and 100.Review with students the definition of a factor. And why do we need to know the factors of a particular number? As they get older, and have to work more with fractions with like and unlike denominators, factors grow increasingly important.Draw a simple evergreen tree shape at the top of the board. Tell students that one of the best ways to learn about factors is by using a tree shape.Begin with the number 12 at the top of the tree. Ask students what two numbers can be multiplied together to get the number 12. For example, 3 and 4. Underneath the number 12, write 3 x 4. Reinforce with students that they have now found two factors of the number 12.Now let’s examine the number 3. What are the factors of 3? What two numbers can we multiply together to get 3? Students should come up with 3 and 1.Show them on the board that if we put down the factors 3 and 1, then we would be continuing this work forever. When we get to a number where the factors are the number itself and 1, we have a prime number and we are done factoring it. Circle the 3 so that you and your students know that they are done. Draw their attention back to the number 4. What two numbers are factors of 4? (If students volunteer 4 and 1, remind them that we aren’t using the number and itself. Are there any other factors?)Below the number 4, write down 2 x 2.Ask students if there are any other factors to consider with the number 2. Students should agree that these two numbers are â€Å"factored out†, and should be circled as prime numbers.Repeat this with the number 20. If your students seem confident about their factoring abilities, have them come to the board to mark the factors.If it is appropriate to refer to Christmas in your classroom, ask student which number they think has more factors–24 (for Christmas Eve) or 25 (for Christmas Day)? Conduct a factor tree contest with half of the class factoring 24 and the other half factoring 25. Homework/Assessment   Send students home with a tree worksheet or a blank sheet of paper and the following numbers to factor: 10099514036 Evaluation   At the end of math class, give your students a quick Exit Slip as an assessment. Have them pull a half sheet of paper out of a notebook or binder and factor the number 16. Collect those at the end of math class and use that to guide your instruction the next day. If most of your class is successful at factoring 16, make a note to yourself to meet with the small group that is struggling. If many students have trouble with this one, try to provide some alternate activities for the students who understand the concept and reteach the lesson to the larger group.

Kiva - Ancestral Pueblo Ceremonial Structures

Kiva - Ancestral Pueblo Ceremonial Structures A kiva is a special purpose building used by Ancestral Puebloan (previously known as Anasazi) people in the American southwest and Mexican northwest. The earliest, and simplest, examples of kivas are known from Chaco Canyon for the late Basketmaker III phase (500–700 CE). Kivas are still in use among contemporary Puebloan people, as a gathering place used when communities reunite to perform rituals and ceremonies.   Key Takeaways: Kiva A kiva is a ceremonial building used by Ancestral Puebloan people.The earliest are known from Chaco Canyon about 599 CE, and they are still used today by contemporary Puebloan people.  Archaeologists identify ancient kivas based on a series of architectural characteristics.They can be round or square, subterranean, semi-subterranean, or at ground level.  A sipapu in a kiva is a small hole thought to represent a door to the underworld. Kiva Functions Prehistorically, there was typically about one kiva for every 15 to 50 domestic structures. In modern pueblos, the number of kivas varies for each village. Kiva ceremonies today are mainly performed by male community members, although women and visitors can attend some of the performances. Among Eastern Pueblo groups kivas are usually round in shape, but among Western Puebloan groups (such as Hopi and Zuni) they are usually square. Although it is difficult to generalize across the entire American southwest over time, kivas likely function(ed) as meeting places, structures used by subsets of the community for a variety of socially integrative and domestic activities. Larger ones, called Great Kivas, are larger structures typically built by and for the whole community. They are typically greater than 30 m square in floor area. Kiva Architecture When archaeologists characterize a prehistoric structure as a kiva, they typically use the presence of one or more of several distinguishing traits, the most recognizable of which is being partly or completely underground: most kivas are entered through the roofs. The other common traits used to define kivas include deflectors, fire pits, benches, ventilators, floor vaults, wall niches, and sipapus. hearths or fire pits: hearths in the later kivas are lined with adobe brick and have rims or collars above the floor level and ash pits to the east or northeast of the hearthsdeflectors: a deflector is a method of keeping the ventilating wind from affecting the fire, and they range from stones set into the eastern lip of the adobe hearth to U-shaped walls partially surrounding the hearth complexventilator shafts oriented toward the east: all subterranean kivas need ventilation to be bearable, and roof ventilation shafts are typically oriented to the east although south-oriented shafts are common in the Western Anasazi region, and some kivas have second subsidiary openings to the west to provide increased airflow.benches or banquettes: some kivas have raised platforms or benches in place along the wallsfloor vaultsalso known as foot drums or spirit channels, floor vaults are subfloor channels radiating out from the central hearth or in parallel lines across the floorsipapus: a small h ole cut into the floor, a hole known in modern Puebloan cultures as shipap, the place of emergence or place of origin, where humans emerged from the underworld wall niches: recesses cut into the walls that may represent similar functions as sipapus and in some locations are part of painted murals These features arent always present in every kiva, and it has been suggested that in general, smaller communities used general use structures as occasional kivas, while larger communities had larger, ritually specialized facilities. Pithouse- Kiva Debate The main identifying characteristic of a prehistoric kiva is that it was built at least partly underground. This characteristic is linked by archaeologists to earlier subterranean but (mainly) residential pithouses, which were typical of ancestral Puebloan societies prior to the technological innovation of adobe brick. The changeover from subterranean houses as domestic residences to exclusively ritual functions is central to pithouse to pueblo transition models, associated as it is with the innovation of adobe brick technology. Adobe surface architecture spread across the Anasazi world between 900–1200 CE (depending on the region). The fact that a kiva is subterranean is not a coincidence: kivas are associated with origin myths  and the fact that theyre built subterranean may have to do with an  ancestral memory of when everyone lived underground. Archaeologists recognize when a pithouse functioned as a kiva by the characteristics listed above: but after about 1200, most structures were built above ground and subterranean structures stopped including features typical of a kiva. The debate centers on a handful of questions. Are those pithouses without kiva-like structures built after above-ground pueblos were common really kivas? Can it be that kivas built before above-ground structures are simply not being recognized? And eventually- is how archaeologists define a kiva truly representing kiva rituals? Mealing Rooms as Womens Kivas As has been noted in several ethnographic studies, kivas are primarily places where men congregate. Anthropologist Jeannette Mobley-Tanaka (1997) has suggested that womens rituals may have been associated with mealing houses. Mealing rooms or houses are subterranean structures where people (presumably women) ground maize. The rooms held artifacts and furniture associated with grain grinding, such as manos, metates, and hammerstones, and they also have corrugated pottery jars and bin storage facilities. Mobley-Tanaka noted that in her admittedly small test case, the ratio of mealing rooms to kivas is 1:1, and most mealing rooms were located geographically close to kivas. Great Kiva In Chaco Canyon, the better-known kivas were constructed between 1000 and 1100 CE, during the Classic Bonito phase. The largest of these structures are called Great Kivas, and large and small-sized kivas are associated with Great House sites, such as Pueblo Bonito, Peà ±asco Blanco, Chetro Ketl, and Pueblo Alto. In these sites, great kivas were built in central, open plazas. A different type is the isolated great kiva such as the site of Casa Rinconada, which probably functioned as a central place for adjacent, smaller communities. Archaeological excavations have shown that kiva roofs were supported by wooden beams. This wood, mainly from Ponderosa pines and spruces, had to come from a huge distance  since Chaco Canyon was a region poor of such forests. The use of timber, arriving at Chaco Canyon through such a long-distance network, must, therefore, have reflected an incredible symbolic power. In the Mimbres region, great kivas began to disappear by the mid-1100s or so, replaced by plazas, perhaps a result of contact with Mesoamerican groups on the Gulf Coast. Plazas provide public, visible space for shared communal activities in contrast to kivas, which are more private and hidden. Updated by K. Kris Hirst Selected Sources Crown, Patricia L., and W. H. Wills. Modifying Pottery and Kivas at Chaco: Pentimento, Restoration, or Renewal? American Antiquity 68.3 (2003): 511–32. Print.Gilman, Patricia, Marc Thompson, and Kristina Wyckoff. Ritual Change and the Distant: Mesoamerican Iconography, Scarlet Macaws, and Great Kivas in the Mimbres Region of Southwestern New Mexico. American Antiquity 79.1 (2014): 90–107. Print.Mills, Barbara J. What’s New in Chaco Research? Antiquity 92.364 (2018): 855–69. Print.Mobley-Tanaka, Jeannette L. Gender and Ritual Space During the Pithouse to Pueblo Transition: Subterranean Mealing Rooms in the North American Southwest. American Antiquity 62.3 (1997): 437–48. Print.Schaafsma, Polly. The Cave in the Kiva: The Kiva Niche and Painted Walls in the Rio Grande Valley. American Antiquity 74.4 (2009): 664–90. Print.

Answer some questions to some short stories Essay

Answer some questions to some short stories - Essay Example 3. Yes, John is the villain in the story. She is against the empowerment and wellbeing of his wife. There other people falling in this category, but he emerges the epitome and fits the description of villain in the story. This is because, the narrator is his own wife and any reader would expect him to treat her in the right and humane manner contrary to what he does. 4. The color of the wallpaper is yellow. Yellow is next brightest and most visible color after white. On the paper are sub-patterns of desperate women. The patterns are clear to the narrator. The paper is a representation of medicine, family, as well as tradition which the narrator has found herself entangled in. The color shows that the oppressive practices of men are clear to the eyes of the victims, women. 5. (Q9). The roles of women in the story are facilitation and enhancement of themes such as love, death, and enabler. The author, O’Brien, uses the existing love between Lt. Jimmy Cross and Martha to show the trend between the separation created during the war and the soldiers. The relationship between the two was not that hopped for in the first place. Cross is obsessed with Martha and this leads to the death of Ted Lavender. Similarly soldier’s love and patriotism for their country makes them kill opponents. Kathleen, O’ Brien’s daughter acts as the enabler for untrue stories he writes. Linda acts as a symbol that the dead can be immortalized (O’Brien 18). 6. (Q11) War is a representation or metaphor of human life. People like Perish because of love. The soldiers fight and some of them die because of their love for their people. There are also loneliness and isolation in the story. O’Brien affirms that loneliness in Vietnam is destructive forces like any other type of ammunition. 7. (Q12) If the US instituted the law today, I will definitely go and serve my country in Vietnam. There are challenges as revealed in the book by Tim challenges

Pproperty investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pproperty investment - Essay Example In the past three years, as compared to the previous three years, Property Unit Trust (PUTs) which is a pooled property fund in UK had raised more than ? 7.7 billion of new investment, which is more than six times of the net investments received. In the year 2006 alone, property funds have received ? 3.6 billion into property funds. (Bottle & Key 2007). Thus, indirect investment in UK is gaining momentum and this research essay researches into various features of the same in detail. Analysis of indirect investments in real estates in UK â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)† Sampson (2010, p 50) states that â€Å"Real Estate Investment Trust â€Å"surprisingly established very late in certain markets like UK. It took nearly five decades to introduce REITs in UK after it was introduced 1960 in US market. The fundamental concept of a REIT is spotless as investors are expected to invest in an investment vehicle and then later, fund will go for shopping and invest in various top notched prime properties. Thus, a participating interest in a portfolio of tangible assets by an investor is mirrored by a share owned in REITs. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) argue that REITs are trusts or publicly traded companies that coalesce the investments of many investors for the purchase, development and administration of commercial real estate. A REIT is like a mutual fund which is meant for real estate investment only. Investors are benefited from the professionally diversified, managed portfolios and REITs shares are traded on national stock exchanges. RIETs have surfaced as a significant financial intermediary and still in the developing process in the field of domestic capital markets of UK. Due to high dividend yields in RIETs sector, investors are more attracted, which is higher than those offered by government securities. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p 284) are of the opinion that REITs are always a preferred investment destination to investors as it offers higher yield s and also since real estate’s have customarily been a good performer even during inflationary phases. Real estate companies, which see this as a passionate source of low-cost capital that could be made in the capital markets and later could reap huge capital appreciation due to increase in prices of properties. Thus, this has resulted in rapid growth on the part of real estate companies, and investors enjoyed a record-breaking growth rate in the REITs. Block (2006, p 8) stresses that REITs have offered individual investors all over UK with a mean to purchase shopping malls, skyscrapers, apartment buildings, hotel and any variety of commercial real estate one can imagine of. REITs offer the predictable and steady cash flow from the leases of real estates, but with advantages of liquidity of a common stock. As part of their ongoing real estate business, REITs usually offer access to capital, which can be employed to purchase additional properties. Madlem & Sykes (2000, p284) a rgues that an investment in real estate has been always regarded as a solid investment. However, like all other assets, it travels in cycles. Due to the global economic crisis in 2007, the commercial real estate around the globe including UK witnessed serious setbacks. As a result, new construction activities have come to stand still. This

Question Behind the Question Essay Example for Free

Question Behind the Question Essay QBQ BY john G. Miller IQ- Incorrect questions These are the questions that often pop into our minds first and tend to be negative. They point fingers and are not helpful in resolving problems. Who dropped the ball? Why didnt they take core of that? QBQ- Better, more accountable questions. These are the questions that are often behind the IQs. You may have to really think to get these questions to the fore front of your mind. What can I do to make sure you can get that done next time? How can I support the team better? how can I adapt better? How can I better understand the situation? What solution can I provide? What can I do to get more information to make a better decision? QBQs should begin with what or how. They should contain l. They should also focus on action. When we are in the middle of a situation, we need to not be a victim. Things are always going to happen at work and in our personal lives. If we allow ourselves to become victims then we wont be able to come up with good solutions. Stress is a choice, contrary to popular belief. Stress is a result of our actions. we can choose how we react to the things going on around us. We can to choose to be positive and make decisions to make the situation better or choose to let the situation take control and stress us out. When questions lead to procrastination on the individuals part. When we are waiting on someone else to do something, we are then becoming inactive ourselves. Along with this who questions lead to blame. We must first ask the questions about what we should have done to make the who go away. People are always talking about succeeding outside the box Lets work on succeeding inside the box! Lets not focus on having more people, more money or more time. How about hitting target and goals with what we have and making the most of the situation. Another syndrome is the we/they syndrome. This is where groups, departments, regions, stores or different day parts point the fingers about their issues at other people instead of taking the accountability themselves. There are always barriers out of our control must work to become so good that we can overcome those barriers. Ownership- A commitment of the head, heart and the hands to fix the problem and never affix blame! Each person on a team is different. A great team will learn to identify the strengths of each person, capitalize on them and appreciate them. Personal accountability begins with ME! Leading by example- Being what I am by acting according to my word. Believe or leave- If you are not on the boat with your whole hear t, maybe you should not be on the boat. QBQ Serenity Prayer- God grant me the serenity to accept the people that I can not change, the courage to change the one that I can and the wisdom to know i ME! *Action, even when it leads to mistakes, brings learning and gr inaction brings stagnation and atrophy. *Action leads towards solutions. Inaction holds us in the past. *Action builds confidence; inaction doubt. Humility in the cornerstone of leadership. As a leader, Im here to help the individuals on my team reach their goals and full potential. How can I help YOU?

Freckle Juice :: essays research papers

Freckle Juice is a classic children's book written by Judy Blume. Although written in 1971, the story can relate to every new generation of middle school aged children. The book revolves around Andrew Marcus, a freckleless boy with a burning desire to have freckles. His greatest object of envy is Nicky Lane, whom he sits behind in class. Nicky is covered with freckles. Unfortunately, Andrew also shares his classroom with Sharon, a conniving little girl. Once Sharon learns of Andrew's desire to have freckles, she sells him a bogus recipe for "Freckle Juice," which Sharon guarantees will produce freckles. The recipe is a nauseating concoction of kitchen items, including vinegar, onions, and mustard. When Andrew drinks the "Freckle Juice" he not only becomes violently sick, but fails to get any freckles. Not wanting to return to school still freckleless, Andrew covers his face with blue dots with a magic marker. His classmates find his blue freckles amusing. Then hi s teacher, Miss Kelley, gives him a "secret formula" to remove the "freckles," and stresses to Andrew that he is very handsome with without freckles. Andrew also learns that Nicky is actually envious of him because he doesn't have freckles.I enjoyed reading this book. I feel that someone in any age group could read the story, enjoy it, and understand the value of self concept and self esteem that it emphasizes. Nearly every human finds a flaw in them whether it is obesity, mannerisms, language, or not having freckles! This story encourages people to see themselves as others do, and to appreciate the qualities they possess. I strongly feel that Freckle Juice would be an important component to teach in the middle grade classroom. Children at this age level can feel extremely self conscious of their appearance, as they are evolving from adolescence to puberty.

Bsa 375 Sr-Rm-022 Part 1

Myrna Bravo Riordan Manufacturing is in need of updating their decrepit HRIS system to stay profitable. This system will move from the legacy system, integrated with the financial system, into a new standalone system used to integrate all of the HR tools within the system presently. In 1992 Riordan Manufacturing opened its doors to the Human Resources Department. At that time the system, HRIS, was integrated to be cohesive with the financial system.Now, 20 years later, the system has seen better days as it continues to utilize both outdated hardware to run the system and processing methods for the current data associated with the system. Riordan Chief Operations Officer, Hugh McCauley, has reached out to find a single standalone solution to their need for an updated HRIS. This solution is aimed at becoming more sophisticated, state of the art information system in the Human Resources Department. Initial Evaluation Riordan Manufacturing currently operates one system for seven differen t facets of the Human Resources Department.This system is responsible for the following information: employee information, training and development records, open positions and applications, performance and attendance, compensation, employee relations, and the original financial suite as well. Each individual facet has its own key personnel that use the systems respectively to the other systems. Some aspects of the system are still in hard copy forms kept in locked cabinets in the offices of the personnel responsible for them. Worker’s compensation is maintained by a third-party organization that maintains their own records.Key Stakeholders Key stakeholders will include the end users of each system that is in use at this time. This can be organized into a JAD session for each area to acquire the information in a brain storming environment instead of the feeling of an interrogation. The culture of the organization will lend invaluable information to developing the system. In ad dition to the end users that work with the software daily both Yvonne McMillan, Director of HR, and Maria Trinh, Chief Information Officer, will be conferenced with the stakeholders to provide their perspectives of the requirements.Maria will be brought in to the requirements solicitation to provide information and resources of the physical requirements while agreeing upon acceptable and favorable terms for the system as a whole. Yvonne will be brought in as an overall eye of the system. Her point of view will be more thorough about the system than the end users. Her sight is of an overall understanding whereas the end users only see their portion. Other key stakeholders will be advised of the information and updated to the progress as the information becomes available.The other key stakeholders will include the other executives of Riordan Manufacturing. Information Gathering and Analysis Tools It is important to have information gathering techniques so that no information can be ov erlooked. The information system that we are looking for must meet the requirements of the organization and the employees that will be using the system. The first part of information gathering should consist of identifying information sources.The main sources of information in the company should be employees who use the system and will be using the new one because they can tell you what works and what does not work or basically what’s good about this system so that we can implement it in the new system. Another source is forms and documents that have been used in the past for example accreditation paperwork or system requirement paperwork. There are also procedure manuals, rule books and reports that can be used to gather information as well.Once the analyst have identified proper sources they will then view the current system and determine the system’s problem areas as seen by the people who currently use the system and from that develop the SRS (Systems Requirements Specification) which is a tool that analyst use to specify what information requirements will be provided and also can be used for detailed design of the system. The SRS should be complete, specify operational, tactical, and strategic information requirements, it should eliminate possible arguments between users and analysts and it should use graphical aids easily understood by users who are not computer savvy.â€Å"Information Gathering†,  n. d). Techniques to Gather Requirements Several techniques are available to gather requirements information about the system. These can include interviews, documentation, and sequestered input through surveys or other mediums. Ideally one of the most effective means of gathering this information is through interviews of the people that use the system most often. While dealing with interviews we need to make the most of the time available and as such one of the best means is by utilizing a Joint Application Development session.This will provide the interviewees the ability to freely share ideas of what is wrong with the system, what is right with the system, and what is neutral. JAD will provide more information than individual interviews. The use cases ability will provide us access to the system to walk step by step through the system processes to discover how the system is for untrained personnel, resource management, and reliability. This will provide us with information that is not obtained by any other means in certain terms.The information gathering process will continue to the end of the project by the stakeholders providing feedback based on results. As we proceed through the design and development of the system we will have the ability to test each phase. This testing will provide the stakeholders with an opportunity to provide information based on the results. Information gathering will be continuous for Maria Trinh and her department as we will require their input about system longevity and down time al lotted for the new system. This information will be obtained at the inception of the project and built into the application.If the time frame provided from Maria Trinh in regards to down time is not obtainable, negotiations will commence to find a favorable median up time to maintenance time. I propose categorizing the requirements into functional requirements, operational requirements, technical requirements, and transitional requirements. The functional requirements define how the user thinks the system is functioning overall, the operational requirements define what background processes need to be executed in order for the system to work optimally over a period of time, the technical requirements define what echnical issues that must be addressed in order to successfully implement the system, and the transitional requirements define the processes or steps needed to implement the system smoothly and successfully. Project Scope â€Å"Project scope is the part of project planning t hat involves determining and documenting a list of specific project goals, deliverables, tasks, costs and deadlines† (Rouse of TechTarget. com).This scope should include the following (â€Å"Dummies. om†,  2012):Justification: How and why your project came to be, the business need(s) it addresses, the scope of work to be performed, and how it will affect and be affected by other related activities.Objectives: The products, services, and/or results your project will produce (also referred to as deliverables).Product scope description: The features and functions of the products, services, and/or results your project will produce.Product acceptance criteria: The process and criteria for accepting completed products, services, or results.Constraints: Restrictions that limit what you can achieve, how and when you can achieve it, and how much achieving it can cost.Assumptions: Statements about how you will address uncertain information as you conceive, plan, and perform you r project.ConclusionAll of the information gathered through JAD Sessions; interviews; and hands on experiences will be set into current attribute categories. Each of these categories will be divided to show the good aspects and the bad aspects of the application. All of this will be agreed upon unanimously in a last JAD session to determine what the actual requirements are that need to be placed into the requirements list. The requirements list will then be compiled to form the foundation of the scope and feasibility of the project. After the scope and feasibility have been accepted by the organization we will begin the development process.

Pre-Employment Testing and Screening - 784 Words

The researcher will provide an analysis of why companies should conduct pre-employment testing and screenings. I. Introduction Today, with millions of Americans unemployed and in desperate search for a job, it is the duty of the human resource managers and recruitment specialists to decide which applicants will best fulfill the job positions. These recruitment specialists have a variety of techniques and methods to have the top candidates stand out from the rest of the applicants. One method developed to help speed up the hiring process and to have the best candidate be prominent, is the development of pre-employment tests and screenings. Pre-employment tests are used to screen job applicants and can include testing of cognitive†¦show more content†¦Pre-employment testing can benefit the employer by lower turnover rate, increased sales, and higher customer satisfaction. (Pre-Employment Testing: Whitepaper) II. The Problem While there can be remarkable benefits gained from using testing in the employee selection process, many corporations feel that pre-employment testing is an invaluable tool in the hiring process, especially when the pool of applicants comes in mass numbers as it will take up too much time testing each applicant. Some argue that there are legal issues that can arise if the tests are not valid, reliable, or are improperly implemented. Because employment tests are periodically challenged in courts, The Equal Employment Opportunity, EEOC, and the courts now have strict regulations in place to ensure that any testing is directly related to the position and non-discriminatory. (Quast). The courts are taking the position that the employer should make every effort to ensure that the employee selection process is a smooth and useful practice. Many employers have learned this the hard way. Without pre-employment tests and screenings, companies take the risk of putting an unfamiliar person in c ontact with the other employees, and also may give them responsibilities that may in turn harm the company. Companies today do not realize the beneficial factors that come with pre-employment testing and screenings. They feel as though they have a proper hiring plan and have a well enoughShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking Assignment : Recruitment Case Study913 Words   |  4 Pagesobtained qualified applicants; furthermore ensuring applicants are looked at equally according to employment laws. Affirmative Action Strategy Various factors could potentially affect not only the number of available applicants, but the quality as well. 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Roosevelt created the Social Security Act in 1935, then amended it in 1939 to create programs to assist families with unemployment compensation, and to create government agenciesRead MoreWhat Medical Providers Can Do Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Medical Providers Can Do Follow practice guidelines for all patients Genetic testing, or a referral to a genetic counselor, is the standard of routine OBGYN care for women with an increased lifetime risk. As the Pap Smear has screening guidelines and indications, genetic testing must also adhere carefully to evidence-based recommendations. Providers should not endure referral bias. Rather, they should follow the recommendations brought forth by ACOG. Shared decision-making should be used; howeverRead MoreThe Virtual Tryout ( Snell, Morris, And Bohlander1255 Words   |  6 Pagesup to the employer to determine the next steps. 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